If you’re into diving and have ever explored the waters of Komodo National Park or other parts of Indonesia, you might have been lucky enough to spot one of the ocean’s most extraordinary creatures – the mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda).
There are around 500 known species of these crustaceans. Some are just a few centimeters long, while others can grow up to 45 cm. At first glance, they look like just another colorful “shrimp,” but don’t be fooled – this is a true marine gladiator with astonishing abilities you probably never imagined.
Lightning Strike
Mantis shrimp are famous for their powerful front limbs, used like hammers or spears. There are two main types: “smashers” – equipped with club-like appendages to break open shells of mollusks and crabs, and “spearers” – with sharp claws to impale soft-bodied prey like fish.
Some species can strike at speeds of up to 80 km/h – comparable to a bullet shot!
This incredible punch can crack crab shells, shatter mollusk shells, kill fish instantly, and even break aquarium glass or underwater camera housings. On top of that, the strike causes cavitation – bubbles that collapse with a loud pop and an extra shockwave. In effect, the shrimp hits twice: with its limb and with pressure from the water.
Weapon Strength
Using the most advanced latest techniques, scientists have studied how the mantis shrimp’s limbs are built. They discovered a multi-layered natural armor. The outer layer is made of hydroxyapatite – the same mineral found in human teeth and bones – arranged in a “herringbone” pattern to distribute impact force.
The spiral middle layer is made of chitin fibers that absorb energy like a shock absorber.
The third layer filters high-frequency vibrations to protect the animal from damage.
The Most Complex Vision in the Animal Kingdom
The eyes of the mantis shrimp are a marvel. Each is divided into three parts, allowing it to see from three angles simultaneously and perceive depth and shape with just one eye. The eyes move independently, giving it 360-degree vision.
While humans see 3 primary colors, mantis shrimp can detect up to 16. They see ultraviolet and infrared light and both linear and circular polarization.
Scientists believe that the shrimp’s wide range of photoreceptors allows them to process visual information directly with their eyes – sparing the need for a larger brain to handle complex color perception.
Intelligence and Behavior
Mantis shrimp show surprisingly complex behavior. They use body language and specific postures to communicate, with some species displaying fluorescent patterns to interact with others – and maybe even with different species.
They guard territories, build burrows, and set ambushes. Some form long-term monogamous pairs that stay together for up to 20 years.
They’re even capable of remembering rivals and neighbors for extended periods.
This is not a mindless hunter, but a smart and strategic reef dweller. So you better make friends with him.
Tiny But Mighty
The mantis shrimp proves that greatness doesn’t always come in large sizes. This small but mighty creature showcases nature’s brilliance – a perfect mix of power, intelligence, and elegance.
Encountering one underwater is an unforgettable experience for any diver.
We are lucky to spot mantis shrimps in Komodo National Park, for example on the dive spots “Mawan” or “Sebayur”.
We will be happy to explore them with you.
Your Wet Frog Divers Team
